{"id":1872,"date":"2025-08-19T12:03:41","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T12:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lopsssdoner.com\/?p=1872"},"modified":"2025-08-19T12:03:43","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T12:03:43","slug":"yargic-ve-yansizlik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/2025\/08\/19\/yargic-ve-yansizlik\/","title":{"rendered":"Yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve Yans\u0131zl\u0131k"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c7etin A\u015f\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131k, yarg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015fi ya da ki\u015filerin hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine daha geni\u015f
anlat\u0131mla ya\u015fam\u0131na do\u011frudan etkili olan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131d\u0131r. Toplumsal bir
g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenen yarg\u0131\u00e7,yarg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015finin birileriyle ya da yarg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131
yanlar\u0131n birbiriyle olan ili\u015fki\u015fine kar\u0131\u015farak kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc duyarl\u0131 bir alan
yaratan ki\u015fidir. Bireyin, kendi yarg\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da
g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde bu duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n boyutlar\u0131 san\u0131r\u0131m daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131\u00e7, son derece duyarl\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir alanda eylemin olumlu ve olumsuz
y\u00f6nlerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irerek bir yarg\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131rken; yarg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015fi ya da
ki\u015filerle etik bir bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde olur. \u0130\u015fte bu etik ili\u015fkide korunmas\u0131
gereken de\u011ferlerin en \u00f6nemlilerden biri de yans\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r.

Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n, etik ili\u015fkideki yans\u0131zl\u0131k y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; yarg\u0131ya ve yarg\u0131\u00e7lara
kar\u015f\u0131 duyulmas\u0131 gereken sayg\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenin olmazsa olmaz ko\u015fuludur. Yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n
b\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z somut olarak yitirilmesini, tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r durumda kalmas\u0131n\u0131n bedeli
dahi a\u011f\u0131r olur.

Yarg\u0131ya duyulmas\u0131 gereken sayg\u0131 ve g\u00fcven yitirilirse ;yarg\u0131\u00e7lar memurla\u015f\u0131r ve
adalet yolundan sapar. Adalet yolundan saparsa ,toplumsal d\u00fczen bozulur ve
hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesi de zorba, a\u00e7\u0131kg\u00f6z , \u00f6zensiz ve adamsendeci eylem ve
davran\u0131\u015flara yenik d\u00fc\u015fer.

Elinden de\u011firmenini almaya kalkan krala kar\u015f\u0131; ihtiyar de\u011firmenciye “… Berlin
‘de yarg\u0131\u00e7lar var ” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yleten g\u00fc\u00e7; yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n ve yarg\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na
kar\u015f\u0131 duyulan g\u00fcvendir. \u00dclkemizde,son senelerde, yarg\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 giderek artan
ve kamuoyu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131yla da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fcvensizli\u011fin en \u00f6nemli
nedenlerinden biri yarg\u0131da yans\u0131zl\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmaya u\u011framas\u0131d\u0131r.

\u0130nsanlar,genel olarak i\u00e7inde bulunduklar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla olan
ili\u015fkilerinin \u00f6zde var olan bilgilerine, ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a, ayd\u0131nland\u0131k\u00e7a;
g\u00fcven ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 artarak korunup g\u00fc\u00e7lenir..Bu yarg\u0131, yarg\u0131\u00e7lar i\u00e7in
haydi haydi ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu nedenle onlar, \u00f6ncelikle ,yans\u0131zl\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131n ne
oldu\u011funu bi\u00e7im ve \u00f6z ay\u0131rdedilmeksizin bilmeleri gerekir.

Yarg\u0131y\u0131, ele\u015ftirisel bir g\u00f6zle ve yak\u0131ndan izleyen bir yarg\u0131\u00e7 olarak;
yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n,b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun,”yans\u0131zl\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu ve
y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini ya tam anlam\u0131yla bilmedikleri ya da bilseler bile yans\u0131zl\u0131k
bilincini i\u00e7lerine sindiremediklerini” duraksamadan s\u00f6ylebilirim.

Yans\u0131zl\u0131k temelde bir ahl\u00e2k kavram\u0131d\u0131r. Yans\u0131zl\u0131ktan uzakla\u015fma, adalet denilen
\u00fcst\u00fcn de\u011fere olan inan\u00e7lar\u0131n yitirilmesi ya da adalet de\u011ferinin harcanmas\u0131na
neden olur.Bu nedenle yans\u0131zl\u0131ktan uzakla\u015fma, bir adaletsizlik \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak
kabul edilir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n yans\u0131zl\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duyduklar\u0131 karamsarl\u0131k, korku ve
g\u00f6sterdikleri tepkinin \u00f6z\u00fcnde adalet tutkusu ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131 yatar.

Soyut bir kavram olarak yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, her konumdaki sorunlara yan\u0131t verecek
bi\u00e7imde tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olana\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Ancak yans\u0131zl\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6znel
(subjektif) ve nesnel ( objektif) a\u00e7\u0131dan ele alarak amaca ula\u015fmak olanakl\u0131d\u0131r.
\u00d6znel (subjektif) yans\u0131zl\u0131k; yarg\u0131c\u0131n,\u00f6znel yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak anla\u015f\u0131lan ki\u015fisel
yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Daha geni\u015f anlat\u0131mla “yarg\u0131lamay\u0131, ki\u015finin ya da ki\u015filerin
yarar\u0131na, \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131na ya da zarar\u0131na olarak \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131” yapmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6znel
yans\u0131zl\u0131k tersi kan\u0131tlay\u0131ncaya kadar varsay\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131n\u0131n zorlu\u011fu
ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 nedeniyle uygulamada s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen
bir durum de\u011fildir.

Nesnel(objektif) yans\u0131zl\u0131k; yarg\u0131c\u0131n ya da yarg\u0131n\u0131n topluma, yarg\u0131lananlara
verdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmle de\u011ferlendirilir. Demokratik bir toplumda yarg\u0131
yerlerinin(mahkemelerin) bireye-yurtta\u015fa verece\u011fi g\u00fcven duygusu \u00f6nemlidir.
Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa Mahkemesi, pek \u00e7ok karar\u0131nda ” adaletin yerine
getirilmesi yeterli de\u011fildir;ayn\u0131 zamanda yerine getirildi\u011finin \u00f6zellikle
yarg\u0131lananlarca g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekir” yerle\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zde\u011fi\u015fene yer vererek, yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n
nesnel a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nemi ve d\u0131\u015flanmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015fmu\u015ftur.

\u00dclkemizde,nesnel yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zellikle yarg\u0131 i\u00e7inde tam anlam\u0131yla, de\u011feri,
\u00f6nemi, zorunlulu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrk Yarg\u0131s\u0131’ n\u0131n bir g\u00fcven bunal\u0131m\u0131
i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden biri de nesnel(objektif) yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n
\u00e7o\u011fu kez g\u00fcncelle\u015fmemesidir. Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yans\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131
ya da yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131n\u0131; kararlar\u0131n\u0131n sosyal do\u011frulu\u011fu konusunda beklenilen
g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc veremedikleri s\u00fcrece g\u00fcven bunal\u0131m\u0131 giderek artacakt\u0131r.

Nesnel yans\u0131zl\u0131k \u00fczerine g\u00fcncel bir \u00f6rnek: T\u00fcrkiye Bankalar Birli\u011fi’nin Abant
Palace Otel’ de d\u00fczenledi\u011fi, \u00f6zel toplant\u0131ya Yarg\u0131tay’ \u0131n ilgili ba\u015fkan ve
\u00fcyeleri ile \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck kentimizin ticaret mahkemesi yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n kat\u0131lmalar\u0131d\u0131r.
Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc gideri toplant\u0131y\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen kurulu\u015fca kar\u015f\u0131lanan ve yaln\u0131z yarg\u0131\u00e7lar
ile banka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6yle bir toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lma yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n
nesnel(objektif ) yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r duruma getirir.

A\u00e7\u0131k Sayfa, sorunu bu a\u00e7\u0131dan ele alarak g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirmi\u015f; ilkeli yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n
bir \u00f6rne\u011fini sergileyerek yarg\u0131da yans\u0131zl\u0131k bilincinin olu\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131da
bulunmu\u015ftur. Nitekim T\u00fcrkiye Barolar Birli\u011fi, bu yay\u0131n \u00fczerine olay\u0131 k\u0131nayarak
ku\u015fkular\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir.

Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n, kararlar\u0131m\u0131zda etki alt\u0131nda kalmay\u0131z ya da vicdanen rahat\u0131z gibi
duygusal iyiniyet s\u00f6ylemlerinin arkas\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131p da ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc beklemeleri yarg\u0131\u00e7
kimli\u011fi ile ba\u011fda\u015fmaz. Haklar\u0131n, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 son derece duyarl\u0131
yarg\u0131lama alan\u0131nda iyiniyet olsa bile b\u00f6yle \u00f6zensizliklerin ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fclecek yan\u0131
olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. “Cehenneme giden yollar iyiniyet ta\u015flar\u0131yla d\u00f6\u015fenmi\u015ftir” \u00f6zde\u011fi\u015fi
kulaklara k\u00fcpe olmal\u0131.

Yarg\u0131da yans\u0131zl\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131n her konumda ve ko\u015fulda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip, g\u00fcncelle\u015fmesi
kolay bir i\u015f de\u011fildir.B\u00f6yle oldu\u011fu i\u00e7indir ki, yans\u0131zl\u0131k yarg\u0131lama sanat\u0131n\u0131n
d\u0131\u015flanamaz bir unsuru durumundad\u0131r.Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar da insand\u0131r; \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc,sevin\u00e7, istek
,korku gibi duygular\u0131n etkisinde kalmalar\u0131 beklenen bir olaylard\u0131r. Bu nedenle
onlar\u0131n yans\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilmeleri i\u00e7in ahl\u00e2k\u0131n \u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc
“bilgelik,yi\u011fitlik,do\u011fruluk ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck” de\u011ferlerine sahip olmalar\u0131 gerekir.
Bu de\u011ferlerin genetik yolla, do\u011fu\u015ftan kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 kural d\u0131\u015f\u0131, istisna bir
olayd\u0131r. Yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak t\u00fcm g\u00fcvenceler(yer ve g\u00f6rev
g\u00fcvenceleri, ekonomik olanaklar, atama ve y\u00fckselmelerde \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f kural ve
kurumlar), bilgi ve genel k\u00fclt\u00fcr olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yarg\u0131\u00e7 kimli\u011fini olu\u015fturacak bu
de\u011ferlerin kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 hem zor hem de risklidir. \u00dclkemizde bu
sorunlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeden yans\u0131zl\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olumsuzluklar ve en \u00f6nemlisi
yarg\u0131ya duyulan g\u00fcvensizlik giderek artacakt\u0131r.

Bu ba\u011flamda, yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yitirilmesi durumunda yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funun
g\u00fcndeme geti-rilmesinin yollar\u0131n\u0131n da i\u015flerlik kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fi g\u00f6zard\u0131
edilmemelidir. H.U.M.K.’ un 29\/6. maddesindeki; umumiyetle hakimin
bitarafl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00fcpheyi mucip esbab\u0131 m\u00fchimme bulunmas\u0131 (genellikle yarg\u0131c\u0131n
yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda ku\u015fku yaratan \u00f6nemli nedenlerin bulunmas\u0131) bi\u00e7imindeki
reddi hakim kural\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f yorumuna gidilerek nesnel( objektif) yans\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n
g\u00fcvenceye al\u0131nmas\u0131 olumlu bir ad\u0131m olacakt\u0131r.

Di\u011fer yandan, \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da bir i\u00e7 hukuk kural\u0131 durumuna gelmi\u015f bulunan
\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa S\u00f6zlemesi’ nin 6. maddesi bireyin ” yans\u0131z bir yarg\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde
yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131” bir insanl\u0131k(ki\u015filik) hakk\u0131 olarak kabul etmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle
yans\u0131zl\u0131k ilkesinin a\u011f\u0131r ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde \u00e7i\u011fneyen yarg\u0131\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda manevi
tazminat davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n olanakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu da (zor olsa da)
unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r(HUMK.m573vd. Bor\u00e7lar K.m49.MK.m.24).

Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar her konumda, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131nda bile, ahl\u00e2k\u0131n ve hukukun “yans\u0131z ol
ve yans\u0131z oldu\u011fun g\u00fcvenini ver” buyru\u011funu \u00f6zenle koruyup g\u00fcncelle\u015ftirmek;
kendilerine verilen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve bunu sa\u011flayacak g\u00fcvencelerin (yetersiz olsa
da) bedelini \u00f6demek y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131nda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 mi hi\u00e7 unutmamal\u0131d\u0131rlar.
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yans\u0131zl\u0131k , yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n onurudur; kald\u0131 ki, yarg\u0131\u00e7 onurunun yitirilmesi
yaln\u0131z yarg\u0131c\u0131n de\u011fil toplumun da sorunudur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c7etin A\u015f\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu Yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131k, yarg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015fi ya da ki\u015filerin hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine daha geni\u015fanlat\u0131mla ya\u015fam\u0131na do\u011frudan etkili olan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131d\u0131r. Toplumsal birg\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenen yarg\u0131\u00e7,yarg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015finin birileriyle ya da yarg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131yanlar\u0131n birbiriyle olan ili\u015fki\u015fine kar\u0131\u015farak kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc duyarl\u0131 bir alanyaratan ki\u015fidir. Bireyin, kendi yarg\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7me hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dag\u00f6zetildi\u011finde bu duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n boyutlar\u0131 san\u0131r\u0131m daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Yarg\u0131\u00e7, son […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-makalelink"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1872"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1873,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1872\/revisions\/1873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}