{"id":1858,"date":"2025-08-19T12:00:25","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T12:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lopsssdoner.com\/?p=1858"},"modified":"2025-08-19T12:00:27","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T12:00:27","slug":"akreditifte-bankanin-sorumlulugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/2025\/08\/19\/akreditifte-bankanin-sorumlulugu\/","title":{"rendered":"AKRED\u0130T\u0130FTE BANKANIN SORUMLULU\u011eU"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><em>Emre ALCAN<br>http:\/\/www.alcanlar.com<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Akreditif , uluslararas\u0131 ticari ili\u015fkilerde taraflar\u0131n (risk) endi\u015felerini en aza&nbsp;&nbsp;indirmek i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemidir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T\u00fcm akreditifler belgeye dayal\u0131d\u0131r ve uygun belge ibraz\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc do\u011far. Akreditif bankas\u0131, g\u00f6revli banka makul bir \u00f6zenle ve makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde belgelerin akreditife uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyecek ve uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde rezerv koyup iade edecektir. Lehdar, akreditif s\u00fcresi doluncaya kadar eksiklikleri gidermek hakk\u0131na haizdir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Akreditifi a\u00e7t\u0131ran\u0131n \u00f6deme talimat\u0131 iki yetkiyi i\u00e7ermektedir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.\u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen belgelerin s\u00fcresinde ibraz\u0131 ve di\u011fer \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde bankan\u0131n akreditif lehtar\u0131na bedeli veya poli\u00e7eyi \u00f6demesi yada poli\u00e7eyi kabul yahut iskonto etmesi veya ettirmesi yetkisidir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Lehtar\u0131n bu \u00f6demeyi kabul edece\u011fine ili\u015fkindir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bankalar mal\u0131n \u201cvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kalitesiyle\u201d ilgili hi\u00e7bir sorumluluk y\u00fcklenmezler. Akreditif a\u00e7t\u0131ran (al\u0131c\u0131\/ithalat\u00e7\u0131) s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 mal teslimine kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ancak kredinin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda akreditif \u015fart\u0131 olarak varma veya g\u00f6nderme yerinde bir bilirki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan mal\u0131n kalitesi hakk\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f belgenin g\u00f6sterilmesini veya iyice&nbsp;&nbsp;yerle\u015fmi\u015f team\u00fcle g\u00f6re \u201ckontrolden sonra veya al\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabulden sonra \u00f6denebilir.\u201d \u015eart\u0131n\u0131 koyarak kendisini koruyabilir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kusuru bulunmaks\u0131z\u0131n mal\u0131n paras\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6dedi\u011fi halde mal al\u0131c\u0131ya teslim edilmemi\u015f olabilir. Akreditif ve \u00f6zellikle belgeli akreditif&nbsp;&nbsp;milletleraras\u0131 ticarette kullan\u0131lan bir \u00f6deme arac\u0131 olarak s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*AKRED\u0130T\u0130F\u0130N \u0130\u015eLEY\u0130\u015e\u0130:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.S\u00f6zle\u015fmedeki akreditif \u015fart\u0131 gere\u011fi , al\u0131c\u0131 bankas\u0131na ba\u015fvurur, mal bedelini bankaya yat\u0131r\u0131r yada bunu bankadan kredi alarak sa\u011flar ayr\u0131ca bankaya akreditif&nbsp;&nbsp;\u201c\u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131\u201d dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendi imzas\u0131yla akreditif talimat\u0131n\u0131 verir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.Bu banka sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkesinde ba\u015fka bir bankaya , akreditifin a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya bildirmesi , \u201cAKRED\u0130T\u0130F \u015eARTLARININ YER\u0130NE GET\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130 VE \u00d6NG\u00d6R\u00dcLEN BELGELER\u0130N \u0130BRAZ ED\u0130LMES\u0130\u201d halinde bedeli sat\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6demesi veya akreditifi teyit veya poli\u00e7eyi kabul yahut iskonto etmesi i\u00e7in yetkilendirir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.\u0130kinci banka sat\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 akreditifin a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve \u015fartlar\u0131ndan haberdar eder veya akreditifi teyit eder , \u015fartlar\u0131n yerine getirildi\u011fi ve belgeler ibraz edildi\u011fi takdirde kendisinin \u00f6demeyi yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirir veya bu yolda taahh\u00fctte bulunur.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.Sat\u0131c\u0131 \u201c\u015fartlar\u0131 yerine getirir\u201d belgeleri kendi \u00fclkesindeki bankaya ibraz edip paras\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ya da mal bedeli tutar\u0131ndaki poli\u00e7eyi kabul ve bazanda iskonto ettirir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.Banka belgeleri al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkesindeki bankaya yollar,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.Bu banka bu belgeleri al\u0131c\u0131ya verir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.Al\u0131c\u0131 da ta\u015f\u0131ma senedini ve koni\u015fmentoyu&nbsp;&nbsp;ibrazederek mal\u0131 al\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*AKRED\u0130T\u0130F\u0130N FONKS\u0130YONU&#8212;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Teminat-\u00d6deme-Kredi olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 fonksiyonu vard\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-Teminat fonksiyonu (hem al\u0131c\u0131 hem de sat\u0131c\u0131): i\u00e7in belgelerin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi ve akreditif \u015fartlar\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k prensibine uyulmas\u0131 gerekir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-Akreditif milletleraras\u0131 ticarette bir \u00f6deme arac\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-Akreditifin kural olarak kredi fonksiyonu yoktur , (\u0130ST\u0130SNASI): Aksinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi durumlarda lehdar&nbsp;&nbsp;akreditifi bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fahsa devredebilir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Akreditifte de\u011finilmi\u015f olsa bile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler bankalar\u0131 ilgilendirmez ve ba\u011flamaz.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Akreditif a\u00e7t\u0131ran ile akreditif bankas\u0131 aras\u0131nda mevcut olan konusu belirli bir \u00f6zel vekalet \u00e7e\u015fidi olmakta ve bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle bir sui generis s\u00f6zle\u015fme niteli\u011finde bulunmaktad\u0131r.BK.386\/2 h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi de bu ili\u015fkiye:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmler,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-S\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fc ve team\u00fcl niteli\u011finde olarak Yeknesak Kurallar ile BK.\u2019nun vekalete ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanabilecektir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Akreditife ili\u015fkin gerek BK.386 (vekalet) gerek BK.457\u2019den (havale) yararlan\u0131labilir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*\u00d6zel Daire, Daval\u0131 bankan\u0131n Norve\u00e7\u2019teki Grana firmas\u0131 yarar\u0131na akreditif&nbsp;&nbsp;a\u00e7may\u0131 ve \u015fartlar\u0131 gere\u011fince paran\u0131n bu firmaya \u00f6denmesini davac\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcklendi\u011fi mal\u0131n paras\u0131n\u0131n \u201cakreditif \u015fartlar\u0131na&nbsp;&nbsp;uymayan belgelere\u201d dayan\u0131larak muhabiri olan banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denmi\u015f bulunmas\u0131ndan sorumlu bulundu\u011fu , bilirki\u015fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin h\u00fckme yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle bozmu\u015ftur.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*KR\u0130TERLER&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.Ne bor\u00e7lar ne de ticaret kanununda akreditifin hukuki niteli\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenleyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcm vard\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*BELGEL\u0130 Akreditif ; mal sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015f bir kimsenin , bir banka ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fma \u00fczerine o bankan\u0131n, belli belgelerin&nbsp;&nbsp;sat\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u201dibraz\u0131\u201d kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda , sat\u0131c\u0131ya&nbsp;&nbsp;sat\u0131\u015f paras\u0131 \u00f6denmesini hedef tutan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir. Buna g\u00f6re al\u0131c\u0131 , bankaya kendi hesab\u0131na sat\u0131\u015f paras\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya \u00f6deme yetkisini ve sat\u0131c\u0131ya da sat\u0131\u015f paras\u0131n\u0131 kendi hesab\u0131na bankadan alma yetkisi vermektedir. O halde bu BK.457\u2019deki havale tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na uygun bir i\u015flem olup havalenin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemdir.HGK.1964&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.**Sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n paray\u0131 almas\u0131 i\u00e7in ibraz etmek zorunda oldu\u011fu \u201cbelgelerin neler oldu\u011fu\u201d ve bunlar\u0131n \u201cne gibi yaz\u0131lar\u0131 kapsamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\u201d , al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n akreditif&nbsp;&nbsp;i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu&nbsp;&nbsp;bankaya verdi\u011fi talimat ile belli edilir. Bu banka taraf\u0131ndan muhabir bankaya oldu\u011fu gibi ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p, talimata, muhabir bankan\u0131n uygun davranmas\u0131 esast\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in muhabir bankan\u0131n (sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkesindeki bankas\u0131) sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kendisine ibraz etti\u011fi belgelerin hepsinin ibraz edilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu ve bu belgelerde TAL\u0130MATTA \u00d6NG\u00d6R\u00dcLEN YAZILARIN EKS\u0130KS\u0130Z OLARAK BULUNDU\u011eUNU TESB\u0130T ETMED\u0130K\u00c7E \u00d6DEME YAPMAMASI GEREK\u0130R.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.Bankan\u0131n belli belgelerin kabul\u00fc gibi \u201caz bir dikkatle\u201d yap\u0131labilecek kolay bir i\u015fi, iyi g\u00f6rmesini beklemek, objektif iyi niyet kurallar\u0131na uygun d\u00fc\u015fer. Daval\u0131 bankan\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n akte ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan do\u011fan zararlar\u0131 davac\u0131ya y\u00fcklemek afaki iyi niyet kurallar\u0131na uygun olmayacakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi kolay olan bir i\u015fte \u201cgerekli dikkatin g\u00f6sterilmemesi\u201d sonucunu davac\u0131ya y\u00fckletmek do\u011fruluk esaslar\u0131yla ba\u011fda\u015famaz. MK.2\u2019deki objektif iyiniyet kurallar\u0131n\u0131n ,akitlerin yorumunda dahi g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulaca\u011f\u0131 , gerek bilim dal\u0131nda gerekse mahkeme i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131yla kabul edilmektedir. Akreditif yaln\u0131zca sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yarar\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir i\u015flem de\u011fildir. Bunun amac\u0131 \u00f6demenin belli belgeler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n dahi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 belli bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde korumakt\u0131r. \u201cBU AMACA&nbsp;&nbsp;ANCAK AK\u0130T \u015eARTLARINCA&nbsp;&nbsp;DAVALI BANKANIN AKRED\u0130T\u0130FE \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N B\u00dcT\u00dcN \u0130\u015eLEMLERDEN SORUMLU TUTULMASI YOU \u0130LE ER\u0130\u015e\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.Bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re Norve\u00e7\u2019teki muhabir bankan\u0131n daval\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131na hi\u00e7bir engel yoktur. Bundan dolay\u0131 daval\u0131 ile muhabiri aras\u0131ndaki aktin vekalet akti olmas\u0131 nedeniyle , muhabirin daval\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131 adam\u0131 say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve olayda BK.391\/2 uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 ve bu y\u00fczden muhabir bankan\u0131n akreditif h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine&nbsp;&nbsp;ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan do\u011fan zararlardan daval\u0131 bankan\u0131n davac\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olamayaca\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.**BK.100\/3 (Mesuliyet h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan imtiyaz suretiyle verilen bir sanat\u0131n ifas\u0131ndan tevell\u00fct ediyorsa bor\u00e7lu, mukavele ile ancak hafif bir kusurdan m\u00fctevellit mesuliyetten kendisini beri b\u0131rakabilir.) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bankac\u0131l\u0131k ancak h\u00fck\u00fcmetin m\u00fcsaadesiyle yap\u0131lan bir i\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu sanat, s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen h\u00fckm\u00fcn kapsam\u0131na girmektedir. O halde daval\u0131 banka ancak muhabir bankan\u0131n hafif kusurundan do\u011fan sorumluluktan , s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile kendisini kurtarabilir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6.**Buna g\u00f6re mahkemece muhabir bankan\u0131n para \u00f6demi\u015f olmas\u0131ndaki kusurun hafif bir kusur olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelenmelidir. Buna g\u00f6re \u00f6nce:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-Para \u00f6demede esas tutulan ve sat\u0131lan mallar\u0131n niteliklerine ili\u015fkin bulunan belgenin ihracata mahsus resmi tasvip \u015fahadetnamesi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda \u201cresmi tasvip \u015fahadetnamesi\u201d anlam\u0131 gerekirse soru\u015fturma ile belli edilmelidir. S\u00f6z\u00fc edilen belgeye ili\u015fkin olarak yap\u0131lacak ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla muhabir bankan\u0131n para \u00f6demedeki kusurunun ancak hafif bir kusur anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa daval\u0131 banka bu i\u015fte sorumlu tutulamayaca\u011f\u0131 ilkesi benimsenmelidir. Muhabir bankan\u0131n kusurunun hafif kusurlardan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa&nbsp;&nbsp;BK.100\/3 gere\u011fince sorumluluktan kurtulma \u015fart\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan daval\u0131 bankan\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011fu ilkesi benimsenerek sabit g\u00f6r\u00fclecek tazminat&nbsp;&nbsp;ile h\u00fck\u00fcmlendirilmelidir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;7.S\u00f6zle\u015fmeye eklenmi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin kamu d\u00fczeni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle konulmu\u015f yasa kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamamak kayd\u0131yla fe\u00e7erlidir.BK.100\/3. Maddesi kamu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle konulmu\u015f bir h\u00fck\u00fcm oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in taraflar\u0131n ona ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak koyacaklar\u0131 \u015fartlar, ge\u00e7erli olmaz. (BK.20)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8.Daval\u0131 banka davac\u0131 taraf\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f bulunan bankay\u0131 muhabir olarak kabul etmek zorunda olmay\u0131p , muhabirin davac\u0131 taraf\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 daval\u0131n\u0131n sorumluluktan kurtulmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez. BK. 98\/2 uyar\u0131nca akte ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flardan do\u011fan tazminata konu olabilir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;9.Sorunun kayna\u011f\u0131: Muhabir banka taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilip kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda para \u00f6denmi\u015f olan belgenin , \u201cakreditifin o h\u00fck\u00fcmle hedef tutulan yaz\u0131lar\u0131 kapsam\u0131\u015f\u201d bulunup bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r, akreditife temel olan akit gere\u011fince taraflar\u0131 yaln\u0131z bu y\u00f6n ilgilendirir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-Akreditifin TEY\u0130T edilmesi halinde muhabir banka sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n bor\u00e7lusu durumuna d\u00fc\u015fer. TEY\u0130DL\u0130 AKRED\u0130T\u0130FLE, usul\u00fcne uygun olan belgeler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6deme yapmay\u0131&nbsp;&nbsp;teyid bankas\u0131 da ayr\u0131ca taahh\u00fct etmekte ve bu suretle taahh\u00fct alt\u0131na girmektedir. Teyid bankas\u0131n\u0131n lehdara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fccerret bir bor\u00e7 ikrar\u0131 niteli\u011finde olup davac\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle teyid bankas\u0131na ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 zorunlu olup alaca\u011f\u0131n teyid bankas\u0131ndan tahsil edilememesi halinde al\u0131c\u0131\/daval\u0131ya ba\u015fvurabilir.19HD.1997&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*BANKANIN BELL\u0130 BELGELER\u0130N KABUL\u00dc G\u0130B\u0130 AZ D\u0130KKATLE YAPILAB\u0130LECEK KOLAY B\u0130R \u0130\u015e\u0130 \u0130Y\u0130 G\u00d6RMES\u0130N\u0130 BEKLEMEK, OBJEKT\u0130F \u0130Y\u0130N\u0130YET KURALLARINA UYGUN D\u00dc\u015eER VE BU BAKIMDAN AKRED\u0130T\u0130F\u0130 A\u00c7TIRANLA DO\u011eRUDAN DO\u011eRUYA \u0130\u015eLEM YAPMI\u015e OLAN DAVALI BANKANIN, BU \u0130\u015eTEK\u0130 KAZANCININ K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcK B\u0130R KOM\u0130SYONDAN BA\u015eKA B\u0130R \u015eEY OLMAYACA\u011eI VE AKRED\u0130T\u0130F\u0130 A\u00c7TIRAN B\u00dcY\u00dcK KAZAN\u00c7LAR SA\u011eLAYACA\u011eI D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcNCES\u0130YLE , BANKANIN YARDIMCISININ AKTE AYKIRI DAVRANI\u015eINDAN DO\u011eAN ZARARLARI DAVACIYA Y\u00dcKLEMEK AFAK\u0130 \u0130Y\u0130N\u0130YET KURALLARINA AYKIRIDIR (MK.2) DAVALI \u0130LE MUHAB\u0130R BANKA ARASINDAK\u0130 AKT\u0130N \u201cVEKALET AKT\u0130\u201d OLMASI DOLAYISIYLA&nbsp;&nbsp;MUHAB\u0130R BANKANIN AKRED\u0130T\u0130F H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130NE AYKIRI DAVRANI\u015eINDAN DO\u011eAN ZARARLARDAN DAVALI BANKANIN DAVACIYA KAR\u015eI SORUMLU OLAMAYACA\u011eI \u0130LER\u0130 S\u00dcR\u00dcLEMEZ.HGK.1964&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Davac\u0131 \u015eirket s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen havaleyi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken \u00f6denmesi gereken emre yaz\u0131l\u0131 senedin lehtar\u0131n\u0131 ve hangi bankada&nbsp;&nbsp;bulundu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bildirmeyerek EKS\u0130K TAL\u0130MAT vermi\u015f olmakta, zarar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etmi\u015f bulundu\u011funa g\u00f6re tazminat tutar\u0131ndan belirli oranda indirim yap\u0131lmak gerekir. TTK. 20\/2 uyar\u0131nca basiretli bir tacir gibi hareket etmesi zorunlu olan bankan\u0131n bononun lehtar ve cirantas\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131 \u015firket ile ili\u015fkisini ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekirdi. BK.98\/2 yollamas\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 Kanunun 44\/1 uyar\u0131nca tazminat miktar\u0131ndan takdir edilecek gerekli indirim yap\u0131larak sonucuna g\u00f6re bir karar verilmelidir.11.HD.25.12.1980 6134-6084K.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AKRED\u0130T\u0130F:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ne Bor\u00e7lar Kanununda&nbsp;&nbsp;ne de Ticaret Kanununda akreditifle ilgili bir d\u00fczenleme bulunmamakt\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Akreditife BK.386\/2 (vekalet) \u2013 BK.456 (havale) h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararlan\u0131labilir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BK.386&nbsp;&nbsp;Vekil kendisine verilen i\u015fleri akit uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6rme borcu alt\u0131na girer. \u201cDi\u011fer s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri d\u00fczenleyen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi olmayan i\u015flere vekalet kurallar\u0131 uygulan\u0131r.\u201d Vekile s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi sa\u011flamas\u0131 durumunda \u00fccret \u00f6denir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Vekil kendisine verilen senetleri \u00f6zenle korumak zorundad\u0131r tersi durumda sorumlu olur.3HD.1986&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Vekil sadakat borcu olarak gere\u011fi olarak vekil edenin yarar\u0131na olacak davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmal\u0131 ona zarar&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;verecek davran\u0131\u015flardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.3.HD.1985&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Vekil ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 talimata ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131rsa do\u011fan zarardan sorumlu olur.HGK.1968&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Vekil olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re talimat verildi\u011fini ispatlamas\u0131 gerekir.4.HD.1965&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Vekil g\u00f6revini \u00f6zenle ve iyi bir bi\u00e7imde yerine getirmek&nbsp;&nbsp;ve hesap vermek zorundad\u0131r.13.HD.1984&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;***MUHAB\u0130R BANKANIN AKRED\u0130T\u0130F H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130NE AYKIRI DAVRANI\u015eINDAN DO\u011eAN ZARARLARDAN DAVALI BANKANIN DAVACIYA KAR\u015eI SORUMLU OLMAYACA\u011eI \u0130LER\u0130 S\u00dcR\u00dcLEMEZ .HGK.1964&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AKRED\u0130T\u0130F:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 atama yetkisine dayanarak birinci vekil , ikinci vekili atam\u0131\u015f olursa , ikinci vekilin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemler i\u015f vekillik vereni ba\u011flar. (akreditif bankas\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkesindeki bir bankaya , lehine akreditif a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131ya bildirmesi i\u00e7in talimat verir. Bu muhabir bankan\u0131n ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan akreditif bankas\u0131 sorumlu olur. HGK.)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k halinde talimat\u0131n o yolda verildi\u011finin ispat\u0131 vekile d\u00fc\u015fer.13HD.1991&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*\u00d6ZEN BORCUNA AYKIRI DAVRANI\u015eIN TAZM\u0130NAT BORCU DO\u011eURAB\u0130LMES\u0130 \u0130\u00c7\u0130N B\u0130R ZARARIN DO\u011eMU\u015e OLMASI VE ZARARLA EYLEM ARASINDA UYGUN B\u0130R NEDENSELL\u0130K BA\u011eI BULUNMASI GEREK\u0130R.13.HD.1993&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;BK.390:vekilin sadakat ve \u00f6zen borcu:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*\u00d6zel Yasalar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca kurulu\u015flar\u0131 Bakanlar Kurulunun iznine ba\u011fl\u0131 ve u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 bu kurulca d\u00fczenlenen bankalar\u0131n, BK.99\/2 ve 100\/5 maddelerinde say\u0131lan , \u201c&#8230;H\u00dcK\u00dcMET TARAFINDAN \u0130MT\u0130YAZ SURET\u0130YLE VER\u0130LEN B\u0130R SANATIN \u0130CRASI\u201d kapsam\u0131nda say\u0131lmalar\u0131 zorunludur. \u00d6zellikle bir g\u00fcven kurumu olan bankalar\u0131n TTK.20 h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re , t\u00fcm i\u015flerinde basiretli bir i\u015fadam\u0131 gibi davranmak zorundad\u0131r. Bu nedenle s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen bi\u00e7imde ve \u00f6zenle davranmak durumundad\u0131r. Bu konudaki hafif kusuru bile bankay\u0131 sorumlu k\u0131lar.11.HD.1981&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*T\u00fcrk Kanunlar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca gerek T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n gerekse yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6viz havale etmelerinin hi\u00e7bir k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya tabi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 , bankan\u0131n havale yapmay\u0131 kabul etmekle bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r, g\u00fcven m\u00fcessesesi olan banka basiretli bir tacir gibi davranmak zorundad\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Havale bedelinin , havale \u201cTAL\u0130MATINA AYKIRI\u201d \u00f6denmesinde banka sorumludur.11HD.1990&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*Vekil vekalet g\u00f6revini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada ki\u015fisel kusuruyla i\u015fledi\u011fi zararland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 eylemlerden ki\u015fisel malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sorumludur.4.HD.1967<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Emre ALCANhttp:\/\/www.alcanlar.com &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Akreditif , uluslararas\u0131 ticari ili\u015fkilerde taraflar\u0131n (risk) endi\u015felerini en aza&nbsp;&nbsp;indirmek i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemidir.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;T\u00fcm akreditifler belgeye dayal\u0131d\u0131r ve uygun belge ibraz\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc do\u011far. Akreditif bankas\u0131, g\u00f6revli banka makul bir \u00f6zenle ve makul bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde belgelerin akreditife uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyecek ve uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde rezerv koyup iade edecektir. Lehdar, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-makalelink"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1858"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1859,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1858\/revisions\/1859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}