{"id":1836,"date":"2025-08-19T11:54:19","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T11:54:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lopsssdoner.com\/?p=1836"},"modified":"2025-08-19T11:54:20","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T11:54:20","slug":"kacakcilik-ve-tarhiyat-oncesi-uzlasma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/2025\/08\/19\/kacakcilik-ve-tarhiyat-oncesi-uzlasma\/","title":{"rendered":"Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve Tarhiyat \u00d6ncesi Uzla\u015fma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>G\u00fcrol Demir<br>Vergi Denetmeni<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I-&nbsp;<u>G \u0130 R \u0130 \u015e &nbsp;&nbsp;:<\/u><\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun Ek 11&#8217;inci maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131; &#8220;Tarhiyattan \u00f6nce uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde tutanakla tespit edilen bu husus hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz ve hi\u00e7bir mercie \u015fikayette bulunulamaz.&#8221;<em>&nbsp;\u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm ihtiva etmekte olup bu h\u00fck\u00fcm 01.01.1986 tarihinden itibaren ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun 359&#8217;uncu maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 fiillerle 01.01.1999 &#8211; 14.08.1999 tarihleri aras\u0131nda ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7unu i\u015fleyenlerin, adlar\u0131na tarh edilecek vergiler i\u00e7in tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma istemeleri ve tarhiyattan \u00f6nce uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, i\u015flenen ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7u nedeniyle kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 kanunun 367&#8217;nci maddesi uyar\u0131nca durumun yetkili Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na bildirilmesinin dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ama\u00e7la vergi su\u00e7u (ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k) raporu d\u00fczenlenmesinin gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi konusundaki teredd\u00fctler, uygulama farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve aksakl\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<br><br><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; II-&nbsp;<u>KA\u00c7AK\u00c7ILIK SU\u00c7LARI VE CEZALARI&nbsp;&nbsp;:<\/u><\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; H\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ceza ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lacak ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile bu su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin hapis cezalar\u0131 farkl\u0131 maddelerde belirlenmi\u015f iken 01.01.1999 tarihinden itibaren su\u00e7 ve ceza tek maddede toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vergi Usul Kanunu\u2019nun 359 uncu maddesinin 01.01.1999 tarihinden itibaren ge\u00e7erli olan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Defter ve kay\u0131tlarda hesap ve muhasebe hileleri yapmak,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Ger\u00e7ek olmayan ki\u015filer ad\u0131na hesap a\u00e7mak,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Vergi matrah\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furacak \u015fekilde ba\u015fka defter ve ortamlara kay\u0131tlar yapmak, \u00e7ift defter kullanmak,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Defter ve belgeleri tahrif etmek,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Defter ve belgeleri inceleme i\u00e7in ibraz etmemek,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Muhteviyat\u0131 itibar\u0131yla yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 belge d\u00fczenlemek,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Muhteviyat\u0131 itibar\u0131yla yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 belge kullanmak,<br>fiillerinin alt\u0131 aydan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Defter ve belgeleri yok etmek,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Defter sayfalar\u0131 ve belgelerin yerine ba\u015fka sayfa ve belgeler koymak,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Belgeleri k\u0131smen veya tamamen sahte olarak d\u00fczenlemek,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; K\u0131smen veya tamamen sahte olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f belgeleri kullanmak,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile anla\u015fmas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde belge basmak ile sahte belge basmak,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile anla\u015fmas\u0131 olmayan ki\u015filerce bas\u0131lan veya anla\u015fmas\u0131 olan ki\u015filerce sahte olarak bas\u0131lan belgeleri kullanmak,<br>fiillerinin on sekiz aydan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar a\u011f\u0131r hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<br><br><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; III-&nbsp;<u>TARH\u0130YAT \u00d6NCES\u0130 UZLA\u015eMANIN KAPSAMI &nbsp;&nbsp;:<\/u><\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma, Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;na 3239 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 33 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesiyle eklenen Ek Madde 11 ile vergi sistemimize girmi\u015f, 01.01.1986 tarihinden ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere uygulanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n uzla\u015fmaya konu olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma sistemini d\u00f6rt d\u00f6nem halinde incelemek gerekir.<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>1. D\u00f6nem (01.01.1986- 31.12.1994 Tarihleri Aras\u0131)<\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ek 11. Maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; &#8220;Maliye ve G\u00fcmr\u00fck Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergi incelemesine dayan\u0131larak sal\u0131nacak vergilerle kesilecek cezalarda tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verebilir.&#8221; \u015feklindeki h\u00fck\u00fcm ile kapsam belirlenmi\u015ftir. Uygulamaya ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fck tarihi 01.03.1987 olan Tarhiyat \u00d6ncesi Uzla\u015fma Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi ile d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Kapsam Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 2&#8217;nci maddesinde \u00e7ok geni\u015f tutulmu\u015f, &#8220;Maliye Vergi Dairelerinin tarha yetkili oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn vergi, resim ve har\u00e7lar ile bunlara ili\u015fkin olarak kesilecek cezalar (usuls\u00fczl\u00fck ve \u00f6zel usuls\u00fczl\u00fck cezalar\u0131 dahil)&#8221; \u015feklinde belirtilmi\u015ftir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yap\u0131lan bu d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re vergi incelemeleri sonucunda tarh edilecek vergi ve kesilecek vergi cezalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fmaya konu olabilece\u011finin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bir ba\u015fka ifade ile ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k fiilleri nedeniyle tarh\u0131 istenen vergi ve kesilecek cezalar bu d\u00f6nemde tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma kapsam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>2. D\u00f6nem (01.01.1995- 31.12.1998 Tarihleri Aras\u0131)<\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ek 11. Maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 4008 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 22&#8217;inci maddesiyle 01.01.1995 tarihinden ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan f\u0131krada ge\u00e7en Maliye ve G\u00fcmr\u00fck Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ibaresi g\u00fcncel unvan olarak Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve &#8220;Ancak; inceleme sonucunda ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k cezal\u0131 tarhiyat yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren tespitler nedeniyle sal\u0131nacak vergi ve kesilecek ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7u cezas\u0131 tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma mevzuu yap\u0131lamaz.&#8221; c\u00fcmlesi ilave edilmi\u015ftir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k fiilleri nedeniyle tarh\u0131 istenen vergi ve kesilecek cezalar bu d\u00f6nemde tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>3. D\u00f6nem (01.01.1999- 14.08.1999 Tarihleri Aras\u0131)<\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ek 11. Maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 4369 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 18&#8217;inci maddesiyle 01.01.1999 tarihinden ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc; &#8220;Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergi incelemesine dayan\u0131larak tarh edilecek vergilerde tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verebilir.&#8221; \u015feklinde de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek en eski \u015fekline d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu d\u00f6nemde ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k fiilleri nedeniyle tarh\u0131 istenen vergiler tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma kapsam\u0131 dahilinde bulunmakta ve kesilecek vergi ziya\u0131 cezas\u0131 uzla\u015f\u0131lan vergiye g\u00f6re d\u00fczeltilmektedir.<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>4. D\u00f6nem (14.08.1999 Tarihinden sonraki d\u00f6nem)<\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ek 11. Maddenin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 4444 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 7&#8217;nci maddesiyle 14.08.1999 tarihinden ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc; &#8220;Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, vergi incelemesine dayan\u0131larak tarh edilecek vergilerle kesilecek cezalarda (344&#8217;\u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca vergi ziya\u0131 cezas\u0131 kesilecek tarhiyata ili\u015fkin vergi ve ceza hari\u00e7) tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verebilir.&#8221; halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu d\u00f6nemde ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k fiilleri nedeniyle tarh\u0131 istenen vergi ve cezalar tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na tekrar \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><br><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; IV-&nbsp;<u>KA\u00c7AK\u00c7ILIK SU\u00c7LARI VE TARH\u0130YAT \u00d6NCES\u0130 UZLA\u015eMA &nbsp;&nbsp;:<\/u><\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yukarda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k fiillerinin tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma kapsam\u0131na girdi\u011fi iki d\u00f6nem vard\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemlerden birincisi 01.01.1986-31.12.1994 tarihleri aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nem olup zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle art\u0131k \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma 31.12.2004 tarihine kadar g\u00fcndemde kalacak olan 01.01.1999 &#8211; 14.08.1999 tarihleri aras\u0131nda i\u015flenen ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k fiilleri nedeniyle yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Teredd\u00fct; 01.01.1999 &#8211; 14.08.1999 tarihleri aras\u0131nda i\u015flenen vergi su\u00e7u (ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k) nedeniyle, tarh\u0131 gereken vergi i\u00e7in tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve uzla\u015fma sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ise, bu ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7unu i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na verilmek \u00fczere vergi su\u00e7u raporu d\u00fczenlenip d\u00fczenlenmeyece\u011fi noktas\u0131ndad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun Ek 11&#8217;inci maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131;&nbsp;<u>&#8220;Tarhiyattan \u00f6nce uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde tutanakla tespit edilen bu husus hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz ve hi\u00e7bir mercie \u015fikayette bulunulamaz.&#8221;<\/u>&nbsp;\u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm ihtiva etmekte olup bu h\u00fck\u00fcm 01.01.1986 tarihinden itibaren hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu madde metninin uygulanmas\u0131nda ba\u015fl\u0131ca iki konunun ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir a\u00e7\u0131klamaya ihtiyac\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1-&nbsp;<u>Kural kime hitap etmektedir?<\/u>&nbsp;Yasa h\u00fckm\u00fcnde ge\u00e7en &#8220;dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz ve hi\u00e7bir mercie \u015fikayette bulunulamaz&#8221; ibaresi sadece m\u00fckellef veya ad\u0131na ceza kesileni mi ilgilendirmektedir, yoksa bu h\u00fck\u00fcm ayn\u0131 zamanda uzla\u015fman\u0131n di\u011fer taraf\u0131 olan vergi idaresini de ba\u011flamakta m\u0131d\u0131r?<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2-&nbsp;<u>Hangi davadan bahsedilmektedir?<\/u>&nbsp;Yasa h\u00fckm\u00fcnde ge\u00e7en &#8220;dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz&#8221; ibaresinde kast edilen, sadece vergi mahkemelerinde a\u00e7\u0131lan dava m\u0131d\u0131r yoksa herhangi bir mahkemede a\u00e7\u0131lacak olan herhangi bir dava m\u0131 kastedilmektedir?<br><br><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; V-&nbsp;<u>KANUN H\u00dcKM\u00dcN\u00dcN YORUMLANMASI &nbsp;&nbsp;:<\/u><\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yukarda de\u011finilen sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn yorumlanmas\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r. Hukuki bir uygulaman\u0131n isabetli olabilmesi i\u00e7in, hukuk kural\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan metinlerin de isabetli bir bi\u00e7imde yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekir. Kanunda yer alan kurallar\u0131n anlam\u0131 her zaman a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir. Kanunda yer alan her s\u00f6zc\u00fck, hem s\u00f6zc\u00fck olarak hem de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu par\u00e7aya ve konan kural\u0131n amac\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yoruma giderken, uygulanacak y\u00f6ntem, var\u0131lacak sonucu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiler. Bu konuda Vergi Usul Kanunumuz \u201cVergi kanunlar\u0131 lafz\u0131 ve ruhu ile h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder. Lafz\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde vergi kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, konulu\u015fundaki maksat, h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin kanunun yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki yeri ve di\u011fer maddelerle olan ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak uygulan\u0131r.\u201d diyerek \u00f6nce deyimsel sonra e\u011fer gerekiyorsa ama\u00e7sal yorum yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 kural\u0131n\u0131 koymu\u015ftur (V.U.K. Md. 3\/A).<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>K\u0131yaslama Hatas\u0131:<\/strong>&nbsp;Uygulamada s\u0131k ya\u015fan\u0131lan yorumlama hatas\u0131 nedeniyle bu konunun ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 irdelenmesi gerekmektedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun Ek 1-10&#8217;uncu maddeleri ile d\u00fczenlenen &#8220;uzla\u015fma&#8221; ile ayn\u0131 kanunun Ek 11&#8217;inci maddesiyle d\u00fczenlenen &#8220;tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma&#8221; m\u00fcessesesi her iki sistem de Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Kitap\/\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u0131s\u0131m\/\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7inde &#8220;UZLA\u015eMA&#8221; ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmesine ra\u011fmen birbirinden farkl\u0131 sistemlerdir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla birinde olmayan bir d\u00fczenlemenin di\u011ferinden al\u0131narak uygulanmas\u0131, ya da birinde olu\u015fan bir teredd\u00fcd\u00fcn di\u011ferinde a\u00e7\u0131k olan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmle giderilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc vergi kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131nda \u201ck\u0131yaslama\u201d yap\u0131lamaz, bir ba\u015fka ifade ile &#8220;bo\u015fluk doldurma yoluyla&#8221; h\u00fck\u00fcm yarat\u0131lamaz.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu konuda bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun Ek 11&#8217;inci maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na 3505 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 10&#8217;uncu maddesiyle 10.12.1988 tarihinden ge\u00e7erli olmak \u00fczere; &#8220;Uzla\u015f\u0131lan vergi miktar\u0131 \u00fczerinden, bu Kanunun 112&#8217;nci maddesine g\u00f6re gecikme faizi hesaplan\u0131r.&#8221; c\u00fcmlesi ilave edilmi\u015ftir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun 112&#8217;nci maddesine g\u00f6re zaten &#8220;Uzla\u015f\u0131lan vergilerde gecikme faizi (&#8230;) uygulan\u0131r.&#8221; h\u00fckm\u00fc olmas\u0131na ve bu h\u00fck\u00fcm 01.01.1986 tarihinden bu yana y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Ek 11. maddeye neden &#8220;gecikme faizi hesaplan\u0131r&#8221; \u015feklinde bir h\u00fck\u00fcm ilave edilmesine ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011fu sorusunun cevab\u0131 bu noktada \u00f6nemlidir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131nca, uzla\u015fma ile tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma (her iki sistem de &#8220;UZLA\u015eMA&#8221; ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmesine ra\u011fmen) birbirinden ayr\u0131 i\u015flemler olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f uzla\u015fma i\u00e7in konulan kurallar\u0131n tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erli olamayaca\u011f\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kararlar verilmi\u015ftir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nitekim tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fmada gecikme faizi ile ilgili i\u015flemler s\u00fcrekli ihtilaf konusu olmu\u015f ve bu davalar m\u00fckellef lehine sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f, m\u00fcstakar hale gelen yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda idare genel yaz\u0131 yay\u0131mlayarak, 10.12.1988 tarihinden \u00f6nceki tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fmalar sonunda gecikme faizi hesaplanmas\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.(1)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergilerin &#8220;kanunili\u011fi ilkesi&#8221; ile ceza hukukundaki &#8220;kanunsuz su\u00e7 ve ceza olmaz prensibi&#8221; birbirine paraleldir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; K\u0131yaslama y\u00f6ntemiyle yap\u0131lan yorum sonunda verginin faizinin dahi al\u0131nmas\u0131na izin verilmemektedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hal b\u00f6yle iken verginin gecikme faizinden \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olan hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ntemle yap\u0131lan yoruma ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak verilebilece\u011fini savunmak hatad\u0131r.<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>A) Deyimsel (Lafzi) Yorum<\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Deyimsel (lafzi) yorum y\u00f6nteminde kanunun deyim ve mant\u0131k anlam\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Maddenin s\u00f6zlerinden, maddenin ne anlama geldi\u011fi saptanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131l\u0131rken metinde kullan\u0131lan s\u00f6zc\u00fcklere, anlat\u0131m bi\u00e7imine, dil kurallar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131r ve &#8220;k\u0131yaslama&#8221;, \u201cbenzetme\u201d, \u201caksi ile kan\u0131t\u201d, \u201cye\u011flik yolu\u201d gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli mant\u0131k kurallar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemin \u00f6zelli\u011fi, kanunun s\u00f6zleri ile ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nmas\u0131 ve onun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Vergi kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n yorumlanmas\u0131nda yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere \u201ck\u0131yaslama\u201d yap\u0131lamaz.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Maddenin lafz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. &#8220;Tarhiyattan \u00f6nce uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde tutanakla tespit edilen bu husus hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz ve hi\u00e7bir mercie \u015fikayette bulunulamaz.&#8221; \u015feklindeki madde h\u00fckm\u00fcnde &#8220;m\u00fckellef veya ad\u0131na ceza kesilen&#8221; \u015feklinde bir belirleme yoktur. Yine madde h\u00fckm\u00fcnde &#8220;vergi mahkemesi&#8221; \u015feklinde belirleyici bir mahkeme de zikredilmemektedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re; tarhiyattan \u00f6nce uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, bu husus hakk\u0131nda, hi\u00e7 kimse (vergi idaresi dahil), hi\u00e7bir dava (vergi su\u00e7u nedeniyle kamu davas\u0131 dahil) a\u00e7amaz.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kanun metninin lafz\u0131ndan, hi\u00e7bir duraksamaya mahal b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde, anla\u015f\u0131lan budur.<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>B) Konuya \u0130li\u015fkin Yarg\u0131 Kararlar\u0131 (Yarg\u0131sal Yorum)<\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Konuya ili\u015fkin yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 da h\u00fckm\u00fcn deyimsel (lafzi) yorumu sonucunda var\u0131lan sonu\u00e7 ile tamamen \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmektedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yarg\u0131tay Dokuzuncu Ceza Dairesi 20.4.1989 Tarih, E:1989\/55, K:1989\/2079 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131nda; &#8220;Sal\u0131nan vergi ve cezalar i\u00e7in y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma iste\u011fi uzla\u015fma komisyonunca kabul edilerek uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak yoktur.&#8221; \u015feklinde karar vermi\u015ftir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bir \u00e7ok karar da ayn\u0131 do\u011frultudad\u0131r (\u00d6rne\u011fin Yarg\u0131tay Dokuzuncu Ceza Dairesi&#8217;nin 04.05.1995 Tarih, E:1994\/12447, K: 1995\/3212 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Dokuzuncu Ceza Dairesi&#8217;nin 31.1.1990 Tarih, E:1989\/3566, K: 1990\/484 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Dokuzuncu Ceza Dairesi 08.06.1989 Tarih, E:1989\/1464, K:1989\/3050 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Dokuzuncu Ceza Dairesi&#8217;nin 29.1.1991 Tarih, E:1991\/56, K: 1991 \/248 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131, Yarg\u0131tay Dokuzuncu Ceza Dairesi&#8217;nin 20.04.1989 Tarih, E:1989\/55, K: 1989\/2079 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131).<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yarg\u0131n\u0131n, aksi do\u011frultuda tek bir karar\u0131 dahi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yarg\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun Ek 11&#8217;inci maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan; &#8220;Tarhiyattan \u00f6nce uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde tutanakla tespit edilen bu husus hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz ve hi\u00e7bir mercie \u015fikayette bulunulamaz.&#8221; \u015feklindeki kanun metnini \u00e7ok geni\u015f anlamda yorumlamaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7unun uzla\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu 01.01.1986-31.12.1994 d\u00f6nemini kapsayan s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde verilen yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 bu \u015fekildedir. Bu kararlardan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere yarg\u0131; tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile birlikte vergi su\u00e7unun ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmektedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7unun uzla\u015fma kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu 01.01.1999-14.08.1999 d\u00f6nemini kapsayan s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde verilen yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 elimizde yoktur. Bununla birlikte ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k fiilleri ile tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fman\u0131n hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen kanun metni de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re bir ba\u015fka ifade ile 01.01.1986-31.12.1994 tarihleri aras\u0131ndaki yasal d\u00fczenleme aynen 01.01.1999-14.08.1999 tarihleri aras\u0131nda da ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemektedir.<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>C) Ama\u00e7sal Yorum<\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu y\u00f6ntemle kanunlar, uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131n gereklerine ve anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re yorumlan\u0131rlar. Kanunlar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmekle, onu haz\u0131rlayanlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden ayr\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir nitelik kazan\u0131rlar. Ama\u00e7sal yorumla yorumlanacak kural\u0131n s\u00f6zlerine ve kanun koyucunun verdi\u011fi anlama tak\u0131l\u0131p kalmadan, kural\u0131n \u201cmakul\u201d ve \u201cihtiyaca d\u00f6n\u00fck\u201d anlam ve amac\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda, kanun lafz\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k varsa deyimsel yorum, e\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k yoksa ama\u00e7sal yorum yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bize g\u00f6re ve yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131na g\u00f6re kanun lafz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak, kanunun deyimsel yorumu, \u00f6z\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z deyimsel yorumun kanun metninin konulu\u015f amac\u0131na uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda bir fikir vermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ama\u00e7sal yorum da yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen V.U.K.\u2019nun Ek 11. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinde; m\u00fckellefle idare aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6z konusu olacak anla\u015fmazl\u0131k ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n prensip olarak \u00f6nceden idare ile m\u00fckellef aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesinin uygun bir yol olaca\u011f\u0131, b\u00f6ylelikle yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131na m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar az ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131ndan bahsedilmektedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uzla\u015fma iki taraf\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131 ile tamamlanan bir anla\u015fmad\u0131r. Uzla\u015fman\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda su\u00e7u i\u015fleyenlerin bu su\u00e7u i\u015flediklerini net bir \u015fekilde kabul etmeleri anlam\u0131na gelir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E\u011fer vergi idaresi uzla\u015fma sonunda uzla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fileri hapis istemiyle dava edecek ise hi\u00e7 kimse -su\u00e7un itiraf\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in- uzla\u015fma yapmak istemeyecektir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi idaresi, kanunun amac\u0131na uygun davranmak (m\u00fckellef ile olan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 uzla\u015fma ile \u00e7\u00f6zmek, yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funda me\u015fgul etmemek,bir an evvel vergi tahsilat\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak) amac\u0131nda samimi ise bu mant\u0131\u011fa uygun hareket etmek zorundad\u0131r.<br><br><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VI-&nbsp;<u>KARARIN YARGI ORGANLARINA BIRAKILMASI D\u00dc\u015e\u00dcNCES\u0130 &nbsp;&nbsp;:<\/u><\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun 367&#8217;nci maddesinde; yapt\u0131klar\u0131 inceleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tespit eden vergi inceleme elemanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan keyfiyetin yetkili Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na bildirilmesinin mecburi tutulmas\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, inceleme eleman\u0131n\u0131n sorumlu tutulmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in, m\u00fckellefin su\u00e7lu mu su\u00e7suz mu oldu\u011fu yolundaki karar\u0131n yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131nca verilmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zetle;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Vergi cezalar\u0131 ile h\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 cezalar\u0131n birbirinden kesin bir \u015fekilde ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Uzla\u015fma ile el s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, anla\u015f\u0131lan hususlar\u0131n vergi ve vergi cezalar\u0131n\u0131n tutarlar\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; Uzla\u015fma komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 cezalar ile ilgili olarak karar verdi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin, uzla\u015fma komisyonlar\u0131na yarg\u0131 organ\u0131 niteli\u011fi kazand\u0131rmakla e\u015fde\u011fer anlaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu, yarg\u0131n\u0131n idareden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin dayana\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<br>\u015feklinde bir mant\u0131k silsilesine dayand\u0131r\u0131lmak istenmektedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Yarg\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne gelen bu davalar\u0131n \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere kamu lehine sonu\u00e7lanmayaca\u011f\u0131 bellidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131n madde h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l yorumlad\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r. O halde bu tarz dava a\u00e7ma giri\u015fimlerinin sonucu ba\u015ftan bellidir. Dava a\u00e7ma gayretleri beyhude ve fuzulidir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Di\u011fer taraftan inceleme elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n k\u0131sm\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu madde h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0131pk\u0131 yarg\u0131 gibi yorumlamaktad\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka ifade ile inceleme elemanlar\u0131 &#8220;kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi&#8221; kanaatindedirler.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00d6te yandan vergi su\u00e7u (ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k) raporu d\u00fczenlemenin ve kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7man\u0131n kamuya bir maliyeti vard\u0131r. Bu raporlar \u00e7ok sayfal\u0131, \u00e7ok ekli ve en az yedi \u00f6rnek d\u00fczenlenmektedir. Raporu d\u00fczenleyen inceleme eleman\u0131n\u0131n, raporu yazan daktilo memurunun, gerek mali ve gerekse adli te\u015fkilatta g\u00f6rev yapan bir\u00e7ok evrak memurunun, hazine avukat\u0131, savc\u0131 ve hakimin mesaisi bu i\u015fe tahsis edilecektir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kamu yarar\u0131 kavram\u0131 devletin do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, kamusal i\u015flerin hukuka uygunlu\u011funu \u00f6l\u00e7mede de kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bir faaliyetin kamu hukukuna uygunlu\u011funun bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yayg\u0131n kapsam\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n belirsizli\u011fi, &#8220;\u00f6znel&#8221; ve &#8220;bulan\u0131k&#8221; olmas\u0131 dikkati \u00e7ekicidir. Yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n her yasa ile kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131r. Bu varsay\u0131mdan y\u00f6netim de yararlan\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re y\u00f6netimin her faaliyeti kamu yarar\u0131na uygun olmak zorundad\u0131r. Ko\u015fullar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamaz duruma d\u00fc\u015fen kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bile iptali gerekir.(2) Toplum yasan\u0131n de\u011fil, yasa toplumun hizmetindedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu noktada alg\u0131lanmas\u0131 gereken husus, uzla\u015fma komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n, t\u0131pk\u0131 bir yarg\u0131 organ\u0131 gibi h\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ceza ile ilgili olarak karar verdi\u011fi de\u011fil, t\u0131pk\u0131 normal bir vatanda\u015f gibi &#8220;\u015fikayetinden vazge\u00e7ti\u011fi&#8221; olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi idaresini dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamuyu temsil ederek tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na imza koyan uzla\u015fma komisyonu, bu imza ile vergi tutar\u0131 ile anla\u015fmakla kalmay\u0131p ayr\u0131ca i\u015flenen ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7u nedeniyle yapaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fikayetinden de vazge\u00e7mektedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E\u011fer vergi idaresi, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k fiillerini i\u015fleyenler hakk\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde ise bu filleri i\u015fleyenler ile mali a\u00e7\u0131dan uzla\u015fma yapmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi idaresinin, bir taraftan tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma yaparak anla\u015fma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fiyi, di\u011fer taraftan hapis istemiyle yarg\u0131lanmak \u00fczere mahkemeye vermesinin hi\u00e7bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tutarl\u0131 taraf\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi hi\u00e7bir yasal dayana\u011f\u0131 da bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<br><br><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VII-&nbsp;<u>\u0130NCELEME RAPORLARI BEKLET\u0130LMEMEL\u0130D\u0130R &nbsp;&nbsp;:<\/u><\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uygulamada ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7unu i\u015fleyenlerin adlar\u0131na tarh edilecek vergiler i\u00e7in tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma istemeleri durumu ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lmakta, bu durumda vergi su\u00e7u (ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k) raporunun d\u00fczenlenmesi bu raporda da anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma sonucuna b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hal b\u00f6yle iken vergi su\u00e7u (ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k) raporunun, vergi inceleme raporlar\u0131 ile e\u015f zamanl\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fmaya konu raporlar\u0131n -bu raporlar hakk\u0131nda okuma komisyonu ile inceleme eleman\u0131 aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ihtilaf olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen- i\u015fleme koyulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlenmektedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun 340&#8217;\u0131nc\u0131 maddesinde vergi ziya\u0131 cezas\u0131 ile 359&#8217;uncu maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 cezalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilemeyece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra &#8220;Bu Kanunla vergi cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lan fiiller, ayn\u0131 zamanda 359&#8217;uncu maddeye g\u00f6re su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etti\u011fi takdirde vergi cezas\u0131 kesilmesi s\u00f6z konusu madde h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re takibat yap\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olmaz.&#8221; denilmi\u015ftir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanununun 359&#8217;uncu maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda, &#8220;Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyenler hakk\u0131nda bu maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 cezalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131 344&#8217;\u00fcnc\u00fc maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 vergi ziya\u0131 cezas\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca uygulanmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil etmez.&#8221; denilmektedir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanununun 367&#8217;inci maddesinde, &#8220;359 ve 360&#8217;\u0131nc\u0131 maddeler uyar\u0131nca uygulanan hapis cezalar\u0131, vergi ziya\u0131 cezas\u0131 veya usuls\u00fczl\u00fck cezalar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca uygulanmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil etmez.&#8221; h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer taraftan yine 367&#8217;inci maddenin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda; ceza mahkemesinden verilecek kararlar\u0131n vergi cezalar\u0131n\u0131 uygulayacak makam ve mercilerin i\u015flem ve kararlar\u0131na etki etmeyece\u011fi gibi bu makam ve mercilerin alaca\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131n da ceza yarg\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler ile vergi cezalar\u0131 ile h\u00fcrriyeti ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 cezalar\u0131n kesin ve net bir \u015fekilde birbirinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Bu nedenle, inceleme eleman\u0131 ile okuma komisyonu aras\u0131nda, vergi inceleme raporu hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir ihtilaf yok ise ve sadece ek olarak vergi su\u00e7u raporu da yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi konusunda bir ihtilaf var ise, bu ihtilaf \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclene kadar ge\u00e7ecek (baz\u0131 yerlerde yakla\u015f\u0131k 12 ay) s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kamu alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede kalmamas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ihtilafs\u0131z olan inceleme raporlar\u0131 i\u015fleme konulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br><br><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; VIII-&nbsp;<u>S O N U \u00c7 &nbsp;&nbsp;:<\/u><\/strong><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun 359&#8217;uncu maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 fiillerle 01.01.1999 &#8211; 14.08.1999 tarihleri aras\u0131nda ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7unu i\u015fleyenlerin, adlar\u0131na tarh edilecek vergiler i\u00e7in tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma istemeleri ve tarhiyattan \u00f6nce uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, i\u015flenen ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7u nedeniyle kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 kanunun 367&#8217;nci maddesi uyar\u0131nca durumun yetkili Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na bildirilmesinin dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu ama\u00e7la vergi su\u00e7u (ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k) raporu d\u00fczenlenmesinin gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi konusundaki teredd\u00fctler, uygulama farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve aksakl\u0131klar nedeniyle yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sonras\u0131nda \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1- Kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn gerek deyimsel (lafzi), gerek ama\u00e7sal ve gerekse yarg\u0131sal yorumu sonucunda; sal\u0131nan vergi ve cezalar i\u00e7in y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn tarhiyat \u00f6ncesi uzla\u015fma iste\u011fi uzla\u015fma komisyonunca kabul edilerek uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak yoktur.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2- \u0130nceleme eleman\u0131 ile okuma komisyonu aras\u0131nda, vergi inceleme raporlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ihtilaf yok ise (vergi su\u00e7u raporu konusunda ihtilaf olsun olmas\u0131n) ihtilafs\u0131z bu inceleme raporlar\u0131n\u0131n gereksiz yere bekletilmesinde kamu alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede kalmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sak\u0131nca bulunmaktad\u0131r.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3- Bu konuda kamu yarar\u0131na ve mevzuata uygun hareket edilmesi ile uygulama birli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 teminen durumun bir i\u00e7 genelgeyle te\u015fkilata duyurulmas\u0131nda fayda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.1)Gelirler Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn 05.01.1995 tarih ve 28\/2855112625 say\u0131l\u0131 Genel Yaz\u0131s\u0131.<br>2)Anayasa Mahkemesi E.1972\/14,K.1972\/34, Resmi Gazete Tarih 11.01.1973, say\u0131 14418.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G\u00fcrol DemirVergi Denetmeni &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I-&nbsp;G \u0130 R \u0130 \u015e &nbsp;&nbsp;:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun Ek 11&#8217;inci maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131; &#8220;Tarhiyattan \u00f6nce uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde tutanakla tespit edilen bu husus hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lamaz ve hi\u00e7bir mercie \u015fikayette bulunulamaz.&#8221;&nbsp;\u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcm ihtiva etmekte olup bu h\u00fck\u00fcm 01.01.1986 tarihinden itibaren ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korumaktad\u0131r.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Vergi Usul Kanunu&#8217;nun 359&#8217;uncu maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 fiillerle 01.01.1999 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-makalelink"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1836","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1836"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1837,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1836\/revisions\/1837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1836"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1836"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}