{"id":1812,"date":"2025-08-19T11:47:31","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T11:47:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lopsssdoner.com\/?p=1812"},"modified":"2025-08-19T11:47:32","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T11:47:32","slug":"yargiya-vesayet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/2025\/08\/19\/yargiya-vesayet\/","title":{"rendered":"YARGIYA VESAYET*"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

 \u00d6mer Faruk EM\u0130NA\u011eAO\u011eLU
<\/strong>
\u00c7o\u011fulcu ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f demokrasiler yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve yarg\u0131 kuvvetlerine ve bu kuvvetler aras\u0131nda da dengeli bir i\u015fbirli\u011fine dayan\u0131r. Egemenlik yetkisini bizzat kullanan bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin, ku\u015fkusuz sistem i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerine gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak demokrasilerde yarg\u0131 i\u00e7in, yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanaklar g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve savc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi, tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ve yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in, yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve savc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme zorunlulu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00fcnyada ve \u00fclkemizde yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenebilmeleri konusu, Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 24.9.2004 ve 29.9.2004 tarihlerinde Ankara\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen iki ayr\u0131 sempozyumda yabanc\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131larla birlikte tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BM\u2019nin Milano\u2019da 28.8-06.9.1985 tarihinde d\u00fczenledi\u011fi 7. Su\u00e7 Kongresi\u2019nde \u201cYarg\u0131 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Temel \u0130lkeleri\u201d kabul edilmi\u015f, BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komisyonu\u2019nun 23.4.2003 tarihli toplant\u0131s\u0131nda da daha \u00f6nce Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Bangalor kentinde tasla\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlanan ve Bangalor ilkeleri denilen \u201cBangalor Yarg\u0131 Eti\u011fi \u0130lkeleri\u201d kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bu metinlerde yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi ve geli\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in, g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck esas\u0131na dayal\u0131 olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve sa\u011flanmas\u0131 konular\u0131 da yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa Konseyi Bakanlar Komitesi\u2019nin 13.12.1994 tarihli toplant\u0131s\u0131nda kabul etti\u011fi R.94\/12 say\u0131l\u0131 tavsiye karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce dile getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi Komisyonu\u2019nun 28.9-10.10.2003 tarihleri aras\u0131nda \u00fclkemize ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi ziyaret sonras\u0131 d\u00fczenledi\u011fi raporda da, yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n mesleki birlikler olu\u015fturabilmesi ve bu konudaki engellerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerisinde bulunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan ancak hen\u00fcz \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Hakimler ve Savc\u0131lar Birli\u011fi\u201d yasa tasla\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi de zaman ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e netle\u015fmekte, yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi, tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bu Birli\u011fin, yarg\u0131y\u0131 vesayet alt\u0131nda tutmay\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fc do\u011faca\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn iyice g\u00fcny\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar ve savc\u0131lar i\u00e7in bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00fclkelerde ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131, bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00fclkelerde ise tek bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme modeli uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Haz\u0131rlanan ancak i\u00e7eri\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ortaya da konulmayan taslakta;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7Yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve savc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri konusunda \u00f6zel bir yasa \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7Yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve savc\u0131lar\u0131n ayn\u0131 yap\u0131da tek bir birlik \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri ve il\u2019lerde de \u201codalar\u0131n\u201d kurulmas\u0131 benimsenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7Birli\u011fin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 135. maddesinde belirtilen kamu kurumu niteli\u011finde meslek kurulu\u015fu bi\u00e7iminde kurulmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7Birli\u011fin Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n idari ve mali denetimi yani vesayeti alt\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7Birlik b\u00fct\u00e7esi ile meslekten ayr\u0131lanlar\u0131n Birlik\u2019le olan ili\u015fkileri ise, bu sempozyumlarda a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla ortaya konulmam\u0131\u015f ve tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tasla\u011f\u0131n tek olumlu taraf\u0131, yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve savc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenebilmeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin kabul edilmesidir. \u00d6zel bir yasa ile d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131, yarg\u0131n\u0131n sistem i\u00e7erisindeki konumu ile yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki durumu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme konusunda ayr\u0131 ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcvencelerin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini akla getirmektedir. Ancak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zel ve ayr\u0131 bir yasan\u0131n, \u00f6zel bir g\u00fcvence de\u011fil, \u00f6zel bir g\u00fcvensizlik \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131; yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 Bakanl\u0131k g\u00f6lgesinde tek bir birli\u011fin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda toplayarak \u201cidarenin kontrol\u00fcndeki yap\u0131\u201d i\u00e7erisinde tutmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. B\u00f6ylece yarg\u0131 \u00fczerinde idari ve mali denetim yani vesayet resmile\u015ftirilmektedir.
\u00d6zel ve yeni bir yasa, yeni s\u0131n\u0131rlama ve k\u0131s\u0131tlama d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irmektedir. Dernek bi\u00e7iminde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme yasa\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamu kurumu niteli\u011finde meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fctme b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ve \u201cidari te\u015fkilat\u201d kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup; \u201cYarg\u0131\u00e7lar Birli\u011fi\u201d bu kapsamda d\u00fczenlenmemeli, yarg\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde \u201cy\u00fcr\u00fctme ve y\u00f6netime\u201d ba\u011flanmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu birli\u011fe neden gerek duyulmu\u015ftur? Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar birli\u011fi ile \u00f6zde ama\u00e7lanan, yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmak ve ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irebilmek oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, bu birlik neden Bakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011flanmaktad\u0131r? Ama\u00e7lanan sadece b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 izlenimi mi yaratmakt\u0131r? Yarg\u0131 her \u015feye ra\u011fmen, yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hala g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korudu\u011fundan; bu g\u00fcc\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde kontrolde tutabilmek mi istenmektedir? Birlik yoluyla yarg\u0131 tamamen vesayet alt\u0131na m\u0131 al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dclkemizde Adalet Bakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Hakimler ve Savc\u0131lar Y\u00fcksek Kurulu\u2019ndaki (HSYK\u2019daki) konumu tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerde Y\u00fcksek Kurul \u00fcyesi bile olmayan Adalet Bakanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n siyasetle olan ba\u011flar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma konusu edilmektedir. Bir yans\u0131ma olarak \u00fclkemizde Adalet Bakanlar\u0131, genel se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesinde g\u00f6revlerini tarafs\u0131z bakanlara terk etmektedirler. Bunun gerek\u00e7esi \u00fczerinde durmak gerekmektedir. Ancak yine \u00fclkemizde, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin yarg\u0131 \u00fczerinde olas\u0131 etkilerinin bile g\u00fcndeme gelemeyece\u011fi bir modelin benimsenmesi gerekirken, y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00fcstelik \u201ch\u00fck\u00fcmet s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip bir Adalet Bakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cbu konumuyla\u201d HSYK\u2019ye ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapmas\u0131, bu durumun y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin yarg\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi bile art\u0131k tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir yap\u0131da, \u00fcstelik Bakanl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bir Birlik neler yapabilecektir? Hangi d\u00f6nemde olursa olsun Bakanl\u0131k \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc yan\u0131nda saf tutmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir se\u00e7ene\u011fi olabilecek midir? Sonu\u00e7ta Birlik yoluyla yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n \u201cmemurla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 m\u0131\u201d sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015fu modeli d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenemeyen ve \u201cDernekler Yasas\u0131 ile Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar ve Savc\u0131lar Yasas\u0131ndaki\u201d \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme yasaklar\u0131 da devam eden yarg\u0131 i\u00e7in, yukar\u0131da belirtilen evrensel kurallar\u0131n gere\u011finin yerine getirilmekte oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez. Rusya Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar Birli\u011finin Uluslararas\u0131 Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar Birli\u011fine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00fcyelik ba\u015fvurusunun, Rusya\u2019daki birli\u011fin vesayet alt\u0131nda olmas\u0131 ve benzeri gerek\u00e7elerle kabul edilmedi\u011fi bilinmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131, \u201ckamusal fonksiyonlar\u0131 nedeniyle\u201d \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin (\u0130HAS\u2019\u0131n) \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen 11. maddesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmakta olup, bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme ku\u015fkusuz t\u00fcm temel haklar\u0131 kapsam\u0131na almamaktad\u0131r. Belki \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lacak yasa ile do\u011facak hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k \u0130HAS\u2019a dayal\u0131 olarak giderilemeyecektir ama Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar Birli\u011fi konusundaki d\u00fczenlemenin, art\u0131k di\u011fer evrensel normlar\u0131n bir gere\u011fi oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Birli\u011fin varl\u0131k nedeninin, yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu hat\u0131rlanmal\u0131 ve bu Birli\u011fe varl\u0131k nedenine ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6revler y\u00fcklenmemelidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 \u00d6mer Faruk EM\u0130NA\u011eAO\u011eLU\u00c7o\u011fulcu ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f demokrasiler yasama, y\u00fcr\u00fctme ve yarg\u0131 kuvvetlerine ve bu kuvvetler aras\u0131nda da dengeli bir i\u015fbirli\u011fine dayan\u0131r. Egemenlik yetkisini bizzat kullanan bu g\u00fc\u00e7lerin, ku\u015fkusuz sistem i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerine gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ancak demokrasilerde yarg\u0131 i\u00e7in, yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanaklar g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve savc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi, tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-makalelink"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1812"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1813,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1812\/revisions\/1813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.abchukuk.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}